Study 3: English homework help
The purpose of Study 3 was to further examine the factor structure and internal consistency of the HPQ using another sample. The same grade level (seventh) from another country was used for this purpose. The five items that neither met the psychometric criteria nor had the content consistency of the items within the respective component were deleted for this analyses. However, several questionable items that did not meet some of the retention criteria still remained for further exploratory analyses with the current sample (English homework help).
Method
The participants were 220 Korean seventh graders (114 males and 106 females). These participants were from six randomly chosen classes from two public junior high schools in the capital of Korea. All students who were present on the day the investigation was conducted participated. The revised HPQ (HPQ-2) was the 83-item questionnaire, which was group administered to students in their classrooms (English homework help).
Results
We examined the factor structure with the criteria of 15 factors derived from Study 2 first, with the intention of continuing the analyses in the event that the finding was not deemed appropriate. The 15-factor solution accounted for 51% of the variance. In general, the current findings were consistent with those of Study 2; thus, no further EFA was conducted. The findings are summarized to compare with those of Study 2. The eigen-values of the 15 factors ranged from 1.66 to 5.00 (English homework help).
Internal Consistency and Item Selection
The item retention criteria were the same as those used in Study 2. The coefficient alpha and recommendations for the questionnaire revision are as follows (English homework help):
a. Environmental: sound .82, light .88, temperature .90, design .81, place .72. Factor loadings were all greater than .35 and each item loaded on only one factor. All original items were to be retained.
b. Organizational: structure .65, order .76. With one item eliminated from each component, the internal consistency estimates were improved. Although some of the structure items had relatively small loading sizes, the content of items were consistent. Thus, we retained these items for further examination.
c. Motivational: self-motivated .66, parent-motivated .69, teacher-motivated .78, persistence .58, responsibility .56. The internal consistency estimate of the persistence component in the Korean sample were lower than those of the U.S. sample (English homework help). However, because of the inconsistency in alpha across the two samples, and the relevance and quality of item composition were reasonable, we decided to retain the four items for further examination.
